Travelers love the rich culture and stunning landscapes of Nigeria.
However, the risk of malaria in this region is significant, and taking the right precautions is essential for a safe visit.
This article will guide you through the safest approach to avoid malaria while traveling in Nigeria.
A Quick Intro on Malaria and Its Transmission
Malaria is a serious disease caused by a parasite transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
In Nigeria, malaria transmission occurs year-round, with the highest rates during and just after the rainy season (typically from April to October). Recognizing the risks and understanding the transmission cycle is the first step in preventing the disease.
The Importance of Prophylactic Medication
Start Before You Travel
The most effective way to prevent malaria is by taking prophylactic (preventive) medications.
It’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider (start here) to prescribe the right antimalarial medication for you – which should be started before you travel to Nigeria.
This ensures that the medication is in your system by the time you arrive, providing the best possible protection against malaria.
Choice of Antimalarial Medications
Several effective antimalarial medications are available – including malarone, doxycycline, and mefloquine. These medications are particularly effective in preventing the type of malaria most commonly found in Nigeria.
Connect With A Travel Doctor for Anti-Malarials ➜
Most travelers prefer malarone – due to its high effectiveness and very manageable side effects (especially for on-the-go travel). Doxycycline and mefloquine may present worse side effects, such as dizziness, headache, light sensitivity, itching & rash.
Other Preventive Measures
While medication is highly effective, combining it with other preventive measures can provide the best defense against malaria.
1. Using Mosquito Repellents and Nets
Apply mosquito repellents containing DEET to exposed skin and clothes. Use insecticide-treated mosquito nets while sleeping. This is particularly important if you are staying in areas where mosquito exposure is likely.
2. Wear Protective Clothing
Wear long sleeves and pants, especially from dusk to dawn when mosquitoes are most active. Treating your clothing with permethrin, an insecticide, can provide additional protection (according to The Center for Research on Ingredient Safety at Michigan State).
3. Stay in Well-screened Rooms
Whenever possible, choose accommodations with good mosquito control measures, such as screened windows and doors and air conditioning. Reducing mosquito exposure is crucial in preventing malaria.
Recognizing Symptoms Early
Fever, headache, chills, and vomiting are common symptoms of malaria. If you experience any of these symptoms during or after your visit to Nigeria, seek medical attention promptly.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing malaria effectively. At the same time, Nigeria is well-prepared to handle malaria cases as well.
Medication vs. Non-Medication Approach
Antimalarials provide a level of protection that non-medical methods alone cannot guarantee.
For travelers to Nigeria, starting antimalarial medications as a preventive measure, in conjunction with other strategies, offers the best protection against this serious disease.
Non-medical preventive measures can help reduce the risk of mosquito bites – such as:
- Using mosquito repellents
- Wearing protective clothing
- Staying in well-screened rooms
However, they should be used in conjunction with antimalarial medications for the most effective protection.
While the risk of contracting malaria in Nigeria is high, taking a comprehensive approach that prioritizes antimalarial medications along with other preventive measures can ensure a safe and enjoyable visit.
Before You Depart, You Might Be Wondering:
1. What’s the risk of malaria contraction in Nigeria?
Nigeria is one of the highest-risk countries for contracting malaria, with nearly 100% of the entire country containing a high density of mosquito populations. Doctors strongly urge travelers to seek a consultation for medications like Malarone before departing.
2. How soon before my trip to Nigeria should I start taking antimalarial medication?
You should start taking your antimalarial medication 1-2 days before arriving in Nigeria, depending on the specific medication. For instance, atovaquone-proguanil is typically started 1-2 days before travel, while doxycycline is also started 1-2 days prior.
3. What should I do if I develop symptoms of malaria while in Nigeria?
If you develop symptoms of malaria such as fever, headache, chills, or vomiting while in Nigeria, seek medical attention immediately from a nearby facility. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing malaria effectively. It’s also advisable to carry a treatment course of antimalarial medication if you are traveling to remote areas with limited access to healthcare.
4. How long should I continue taking antimalarial medication after returning from Nigeria?
The duration for continuing antimalarial medication after leaving Nigeria varies by medication. Generally, malarone (atovaquone-proguanil) is continued for 7 days after returning, doxycycline for 4 weeks, and mefloquine for 4 weeks. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for the specific medication you are prescribed.
