If you’re planning a trip to Costa Rica, doctors and health experts strongly urge travelers to safeguard against malaria.
This comes after a recent alert from the U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica – warning travelers of an increase in the number of malaria cases.
In this guide, we’ll go over everything you need to know about malaria in Costa Rica, including:
- The regions where you’re most at risk
- The preventive measures you can take
- How to stay safe during your travels
How Strong of a Concern is Malaria in Costa Rica?
Mosquito prevalence occurs anywhere outdoors, with high mosquito density as you begin to move away from urban centers.
If you plan to stay mostly indoors during your trip (located in a city), then malaria is a relatively low risk for you.
However, any time spent outdoors increases your risk, and warrants precaution. This is especially true for travelers heading to rural areas in the provinces of Limón and Alajuela, along with the northern Caribbean lowlands.
Regions with Malaria Risk in Costa Rica
The majority of malaria cases are reported in rural, jungle areas where mosquito activity is higher.
Here’s a quick overview, from each region mentioned above:
1. Limón Province
This region contains lush rainforests along the Caribbean coast in Limón, so you’ll want to be prepared for possible malaria transmission. The tropical climate and dense vegetation create prime breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
If you’re exploring Limón’s wildlife or rainforests, insect repellent and long sleeves sometimes aren’t enough – many travelers prefer to have antimalarials on hand.
2. Northern Caribbean Lowlands
In the Northern Caribbean Lowlands, especially near the Nicaraguan border, the dense jungle and rural communities increase malaria risk.
If you’re trekking through the rainforest or visiting remote villages, it’s essential to take extra precautions like using insect repellent and antimalarial medication, if prescribed. This area’s remoteness can make medical care harder to access, so prevention is key
3. Alajuela Province
Although not all of Alajuela is high risk, certain rural areas in this province have reported frequent malaria cases.
Keep in mind that malaria risk in Costa Rica is not widespread across the country, with terrain & environmental factors having a big impact on mosquito density.
Seasonality Factors
Malaria risk in Costa Rica tends to increase during the rainy season, which runs from May to November. The heavy rains create more standing water, which is ideal for mosquito breeding (Source).
However, even during the dry season, some risk remains in high-risk areas.
If you’re visiting Costa Rica during the rainy season and plan to travel to malaria-prone regions, you’ll need to be extra cautious. But even during the dry season, it’s wise to continue preventive measures.
Preventive Measures to Avoid Malaria in Costa Rica
Preventing malaria comes down to two main strategies: avoiding mosquito bites and, in many cases, taking antimalarial medication. Here are some practical tips to reduce your risk of malaria while traveling in Costa Rica.
1. Antimalarial Medication
If you’re traveling to malaria-prone areas in Costa Rica, especially rural regions in Limón or the northern Caribbean lowlands, your doctor may strongly recommend taking antimalarial medication.
See Pricing for Anti-Malarials Online ➜
The most common medications prescribed for malaria prevention include:
- Malarone (Atovaquone-Proguanil) – A highly-effective option with relatively few side effects (especially when taken with food). This medication is often the first choice for travelers to malaria-risk areas.
- Doxycycline – Another option, though it requires a longer course of treatment. Some travelers may experience side effects like headaches, nausea/vomiting and joint pain while using Doxycycline.
- Mefloquine (Lariam) – A less commonly used option, which also has side effect concerns for travelers (such as disorientation/balance issues, difficulty sleeping and nausea/vomiting). It’s typically recommended only when other medications aren’t suitable.
Make sure to start your medication before entering the malaria zone and continue taking it as directed after you leave. Each medication has its own unique duration and dosing schedule.
2. Prevent Mosquito Bites
Since malaria is transmitted by mosquito bites, the best way to avoid the disease is by avoiding getting bitten. Here are some tips for effective bite prevention:
- Use insect repellent – Choose a repellent containing at least 20-50% DEET, which is highly effective in repelling mosquitoes. Apply it to all exposed skin. Keep in mind – mosquitoes are most active during sunrise and sunset, when temperatures are more favorable.
- Wear protective clothing – Long sleeves, pants, and socks can help minimize the amount of exposed skin. Light-colored clothing is recommended because mosquitoes are more attracted to darker colors.
- Sleep under a mosquito net – If you’re staying in an area without air conditioning or sealed windows, sleep under an insecticide-treated mosquito net. This adds an extra layer of protection, particularly if mosquitoes are active at night.
- Stay in air-conditioned rooms – Air conditioning reduces the likelihood of mosquitoes entering your sleeping space. If you’re staying in rural areas or jungle lodges, prioritize accommodations that offer either air conditioning or well-screened windows and doors.
3. Understand Time-of-Day Risks
In Costa Rica, mosquitoes that transmit malaria are most active during dusk and dawn.
While mosquitoes can be present at any time of day, it’s important to be especially vigilant during these peak activity times. Applying insect repellent and wearing protective clothing during these hours is essential.
4. Be Mindful of Environmental Factors
Mosquitoes thrive in warm, humid environments, especially those with standing water. In Costa Rica, malaria-carrying mosquitoes are more common in areas with dense vegetation, rivers, or wetlands.
If you’re visiting rural areas, national parks, or jungle regions, take extra precautions. Even in urban areas where the risk of malaria is lower, it’s wise to be cautious, especially if sanitation systems are poor.
Malaria Symptoms to Watch Out For
Even with all precautions, it’s still possible to contract malaria. That’s why it’s crucial to recognize the symptoms and seek medical attention immediately if you start feeling unwell.
Symptoms of malaria include:
- High fever
- Chills and sweats
- Headaches
- Muscle aches and fatigue
- Nausea or vomiting
These symptoms can develop a week or more after being bitten by an infected mosquito. If you suspect you’ve been exposed to malaria and experience any of these symptoms, seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Costa Rica’s Healthcare System
Costa Rica has a well-developed healthcare system, particularly in urban centers. If you contract malaria while traveling, you should be able to receive prompt and effective treatment in most cities and towns.
However, in rural & remote regions – access to healthcare might be limited, so it’s wise to plan ahead and know where the nearest medical facilities are located.
Do You Really Need Malaria Tablets for Costa Rica?
The question of whether you need to take malaria tablets depends largely on where you’re traveling in Costa Rica.
Urban and beach areas tend to have lower risk – but if your plans take you to malaria-prone areas like Limón or the northern Caribbean lowlands, it’s a good idea to consult a travel doctor and consider taking antimalarial medication.
Ultimately, your decision should be based on your itinerary, the time of year you’re traveling, and your personal health history.
Final Word
By understanding high-risk areas in Costa RIca, taking antimalarial medication if prescribed, and using preventive measures like insect repellent – you can enjoy your trip without any major risk.
Before your trip, consult with a physician to discuss your travel plans and determine the best course of action for malaria prevention. If you need a prescription for malaria tablets, online telehealth services like Runway Health can provide a convenient and affordable option, allowing you to avoid lengthy clinic visits.
With the right precautions, you can explore all the beauty and adventure Costa Rica has to offer while staying safe from malaria.
